What are Instructional Methods?
Instructional methods are ways that instruction is presented to the students. These fall into two categories: teacher-centered approaches and student-centered approaches. There is not one “best” approach to instruction. Some goals are better suited to teacher-centered approaches while others clearly need student-centered approaches (Shuell, 1996). Teacher-centered instruction has been criticized as ineffective and grounded in behaviorism (Marshall, 1992), however this is not the case if delivered effectively.
In a traditional teacher-centered classroom setting (which is based on the behaviorist approach), the teacher is always viewed as the content expert and source for all of the answers. In such a setting, the student passively waits for the teacher to give directions and information, views the teacher as the one who has all of the answers.
The names of some instructional methods which are based on the constructivist approach are listed below:
* Discovery learning
* Discovery learning
* Cooperative learning
*• Problem-based learning
* • Project-based learning
* Experiential learning
*• Problem-based learning
* • Project-based learning
* Experiential learning
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