1- Learning: A relatively permanent change in behaviour as the result of an experience.
2-Behaviorism: The school of pyschology which seeks to explain animal and human behavior entirely in terms of observable and measurable responses to environmental stimuli (Lefrancois, 1995).
3- Pavlov’s experiment
The external stimulus was a bell that rang when food was being presented to the dog. Eventually the dog salivated at the sound of the bell alone. This is called classical conditioning. In 1903 Pavlov published his results in a paper called 'The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals‘.
4- Cognitive Approach
As its name implies, the cognitive approach deals with mental processes like memory and problem solving. By emphasizing mental processes, it places itself in opposition to behaviorism, which largely ignores mental processes.
PLEASE NOTE THAT The British variant of the word "behavior" in US English is "behaviour".
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