Homework-2

Due date: March 8, 2007

What is learning?

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour as the result of an experience.

Behavourism

The school of pyschology which seeks to explain animal and human behavior entirely in terms of observable and measurable responses to environmental stimuli (Lefrancois, 1995). The first name we should know among Behavourist scientists is Pavlov.

Pavlov's Experiment

The external stimulus was a bell that rang when food was being presented to the dog. Eventually the dog salivated at the sound of the bell alone. This is called classical conditioning. In 1903, Pavlov published his results in a paper called 'The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals‘.

Cognitive Approach

As its name implies, the cognitive approach deals with mental processes like memory and problem solving. By emphasizing mental processes, it places itself in opposition to behaviorism, which largely ignores mental processes.

Constructivist Approach

Please complete this part yourselves. That is, find out a text of one or two paragraphs explaining the constructivist approach and translate it to Turkish.